![]() If you have problems using a trainer in combination with Windows Vista, 7, 8 or 10 then make sure to run the trainer with Administrator rights and when needed in Windows XP or Windows 98 compatibility mode!. ![]() In ALL cases this is a FALSE ALARM as NONE of the Game Trainers GCW contain known malicious code! More info in the PC Games FAQ! Some Game Trainers are sometimes reported to be a Virus or Trojan, the most common is a keylogger called HotKeysHook or the file has been packed/protected with VMProtect or Themida and is recognized as Win32/Packed.VMProtect or Win32/Packed.Themida.In most cases using a No-CD or Fixed EXE will solve this problem! Some original games do not work when a certain application has been installed, like DAEMON Tools.When using Fixed Files make sure to use a Firewall which controls outgoing traffic, as some games call back to report the use of these modified files!. ![]() When this happens use the original EXE to play online, else you could find yourself banned from the game!
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![]() ![]() This way, you can avoid any system-related technical issues. In addition, you can check the minimum system requirements of the emulator on the official website before installing it. We are Supermassive, a motion design studio based in The Netherlands. If you follow the above steps correctly, you should have the Trizzle Free ready to run on your Windows PC or MAC. Material experiments with c4d + redshift. If you do not want to download the APK file, you can install Trizzle Free PC by connecting your Google account with the emulator and downloading the app from the play store directly.Open Trizzle Free APK using the emulator or drag and drop the APK file into the emulator to install the app.Firstly, download and install an Android emulator to your PC Magic Game Twizzle Spell Conjure royalty free audio track is a great option for any project that requires game sounds and other aspects such as a fantasy.Viking board games Tafl (Hnefatafl) and Nine Man Morris Free domestic shipping. So it is advised that you check the minimum and required system requirements of an Android emulator before you download and install it on your PC.īelow you will find how to install and run Trizzle Free on PC: VINTAGE GAME/TOY SCHAPER A GAME TOY TWIZZLE FOUR GRADE SCHOLL GAME IN ONE. However, emulators consume many system resources to emulate an OS and run apps on it. There are many free Android emulators available on the internet. Since she won’t date clients, making the sale happen quickly is top of her list. Twizzle’s mismatched wings and bum leg are the least of her worries when she needs to sell a home to the cute new vampire in town. Trizzle Free is an Android app and cannot be installed on Windows PC or MAC directly.Īndroid Emulator is a software application that enables you to run Android apps and games on a PC by emulating Android OS. The magic in the valley belches at the worst time. In addition, the app has a content rating of Everyone, from which you can decide if it is suitable to install for family, kids, or adult users. You can check it out on CrazyGames directly in your browser, for free. Trizzle Free requires Android with an OS version of 2.2 and up. Another masterpiece from the Dutch shipyard Royal Huisman, sailing yacht Twizzle offers an unrivalled blend of contemporary design and state-of-the- art engineering. It has gained around 10000 installs so far, with an average rating of 4.0 out of 5 in the play store. Twizzle at a Glance Length 57.5m Beam 11.6m Draft 3.8m Guests 9 Cabins 4 Crew 11 Speed 13kt Volume 496gt Overview High Tech Sailing. Just a little reminder to check out my little puzzle game thats free to. Trizzle Free is an Android Puzzle app developed by Arkadium Games and published on the Google play store. Twizzle is a unique and challenging puzzle game akin to the Rubiks cube. If you’d rather navigate Google’s search functionality through their interactive graphic, click below:Īlso, while high level, you will probably enjoy quickly navigating through Google’s interactive graphic on how their search works. Include or ignore words and characters in your search If you’re not doing Boolean searches on LinkedIn you’re missing a secret weapon in social selling.When done correctly, it opens up a whole new world of prospects and insights.Say you're searching for Tom Ford, but you get lots of results for Ford Motors. This is called Boolean search, and is one of the guiding principles behind the way most search engines frame their search results. Here is the list of all 50 Google search tips and tricks: Another web search trick that's deceptively simple is using addition and subtraction to make your search results more relevant. Use or between your search terms to return matches that have either (or both) of your terms. While many of you are probably familiar with a good portion of Google’s search functionality, I am fairly certain that you will learn at least 1 new thing, if not quite a few more things that you can do with Google that you didn’t know that you could. Boolean operators can help you focus your search. Use the appropriate Boolean search term from the list below between the keywords. What I found especially cool is that Google decided to put all of their search tips and tricks in one place – 50 of them to be exact. Overview Enter the desired keywords within quotation marks. More recent content is given a slight boost.If you haven’t already, you should definitely check out Google’s Inside Search site, where you can explore a cool interactive graphic explaining how Google search works.Use quotation marks to search for exact phrases. ![]() Here are ten Boolean search tips to help you save time and improve your search results. Phrase matches are boosted higher than just keyword matches. A search for "the quick brown fox" will assign higher relevance to a document containing the exact words "the quick brown fox" than a document containing "the brown fox is quick." Boolean searches rely on specific modifiers to help you find results more closely related to the types of profiles you need to find. By using Boolean operators, such as AND, OR, and NOT, you can narrow down your search results and find exactly what youre looking for.For example, the keyword “epistemology" gets a greater boost than “university” because it is less common. Go ahead and experiment, mix-and-match to optimize your searches. In the following examples, we provide tips on Boolean search and detailed examples sorted by job role, skills, and location. AND operator Basically AND operator work as. Boolean search strings help you weed out irrelevant results and land on qualified resumes and profiles. Make sure to group similar job titles and search criteria together using OR and parentheses, we have given the search engine a Boolean string that is simplified. Majorly we are going to use 3 BO in X-ray search. More unique terms in the text result in higher scores when searches contain those terms. Boolean Operators BO used as conjunctions to combine or exclude keywords in a search.Relevance on JSTOR is a combination of many things. Use the "Export Selected" menu to choose the export format.Use the "Sort by" menu to view search results by relevance, oldest items, or newest items. ![]() Active sourcing is crucial to find the employees required to grow a business. In the current candidate market, most recruiters cannot afford not to actively search for qualified candidates. Use the "Access Type" menu to limit your results by type of access. Boolean search brings great power to skilled recruiters, but in order to use it effectively, you need to understand the basics.Use the "Subject" menu to limit results to journals related to specific subjects.Use the "Publication Date" menu to limit results to a certain publication time period. ![]()
![]() Wonderfully, all of those variables play out with actual consequences in the game world too. Beginning with a layered character creation suite that allows players to choose a mixture of race, class, moral alignment and even the deity that they would like to follow, Wrath of the Righteous wastes no time in providing wannabe adventurers with sufficient creative latitude to fashion their protagonist however they like. Obviously, everything goes down the toilet at record speed and before you know it you’re thrust out into the wilderness with a ragtag band of survivors that are all looking to gain some measure of revenge on the demonic legions that have destroyed their homes and murdered their loved ones.Īdapted from the Pathfinder First Edition ruleset table top RPG, Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous is simply overflowing with opportunities for player agency, choice and freewheeling non-linear progression. In a world that is slowly succumbing to a demon invasion that is emerging from a region known as the Worldwound, Wrath of the Righteous casts players as a near fatally wounded hero who is brought to safety in a town that has decided to have a cheeky celebration before returning to the important business of demon slaying. ![]() The premise of Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous is pure epic, dark fantasy. Pathfinder: Wrath Of The Righteous PS4 reviewĪ Monstrous, Time Consuming Epic RPG That Will Sweep You Up For Months Cut from a similar cloth to the likes of Pillars of Eternity and the classic Baldur’s Gate and Torment CRPGs, Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous is the sort of all-encompassing RPG effort that revels in the depth and sophistication of its narrative, characters, systems and does its utmost to ensure you’ll be along for what is ostensibly a very long ride indeed. There’s no way around it, Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous is an absolutely mammoth prospect that expects you to free up whole swathes of your social calendar so that you can be as fully invested in its world as possible. ![]() Pathfinder: Wrath Of The Righteous PS4 review. ![]() It’s a more intimate affair, less about ideals and more about how they manifest in the real world, for better or for worse. The band’s previous album, War may rightfully be described as mostly screeds. Ditto the chiming, intimate tones of “Promenade” and “Bad,” as well as the foreboding instrumental “4th of July.” On The Unforgettable Fire, gorgeous sonic landscapes serve as the backdrop for the band’s impassioned lyrics and epic choruses. Here, Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois allowed the band to stretch their wings and push their boundaries, adding an extra dimension (let’s call it righteous, wounded soul) to U2’s urgent politics and previously stripped down, post-punk aesthetic. Grant-Lee Phillips once remarked that the prevailing production of this era took things “to a mystical place- to Avalon.” Here, it took them to a place that’s truly timeless. ![]() It sounds pure, naïve, passionate, confident and… different. First off, the mark of a classic album is that it shouldn’t sound dated, and for all the heavyweight production power that went into this, The Unforgettable Fire sounds remarkably outside of time. But listening to it today, it seems more like a clear-eyed assessment of all that is right and wrong in this country (and the world) and less like a personal lifeline. I couldn’t listen to the album for another 15 years, and when I finally did all the confusion and emotion of that time came flooding back. “ Sleep, sleep tonight/ And may your dreams be realized/ If the thundercloud passes rain/ So let it rain, rain down on me/ So let it be.” I would lock myself in my room and listen to it on headphones, finding salvation in the righteous exultation of “Pride (In The Name Of Love)”, the soul-stirring salve of “Bad” and the gospel-drenched prayer that is “MLK”. I felt alone and vulnerable and terrified. It was a particularly stressful time in my life- in addition to being a teenager in Fresno, I was a particularly overachieving teenager, feeling like a total outsider. U2’s The Unforgettable Fire came out my senior year of high school. They’re not so much albums as they are a best friend, a comforting presence. There are albums, and then there are those albums- the ones that become your personal soundtrack, that define a particular time in your existence. It is now like it was in 1984: bittersweet, deep, and magical.Revisit is a series of reviews highlighting past releases that now deserve a second look. Like any true classic, Unforgettable Fire stands the test of time. These 10 songs find U2 hungry for honest expression and sonic experimentation, producing/ engineering accolades going to Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois. Nearly everyone knows "Pride (In the Name of Love)" and "Bad," but this milestone album also contains the mercurial "Wire" and the impressionistic "Elvis Presley and America." While the band would go on to create wonderful albums, at this point, U2 was still drawing inspiration primarily from their native Emerald Isle - before the pretensions of success clouded their judgment, before they felt a need to reinvent themselves. While the quartet's prior catalog holds memorable songs, Unforgettable Fire is U2's first real cohesive album, both sonically, as its rich hues and deep tones are painted on a warm analog tableau, and thematically, as the songs often deal with loss due to unnecessary death. In stark contrast to the mindless cock rock, New Wave synth, and big-hair metal vogue at the time, Unforgettable Fire was a breath of fresh air, dealing with such weighty issues as heroin overdoses ("Wire," "Bad") and war atrocities ("A Sort of Homecoming," "Unforgettable Fire"). U2 Unforgettable Fire (Island) Released in September 1984, U2's fourth album was named after an exhibit of artwork made by survivors of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic holocausts. ![]() There are NO in-app purchases in Lightbot. Multiple players can advance at their own pace in their own save slot, and also compete on number of levels finished, number of stars collected and number of overall commands used to complete the game. Individual plans on Tynker cost either 60 quarterly, 120 annually, or 180 for a lifetime plan. Like Hopscotch, Tynker users learn programming and development skills through coding games, camps, challenges, and other learning activities. Lightbot features multiple save slots and separate progress tracking for multiple players. Tynker is one of the most popular coding apps for kids, with over 60 million users. This version of Lightbot can be played in English, French, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Norwegian, Slovenian, Romanian, Indonesian, German, Polish, Danish, Croatian, Dutch, Slovak, Czech, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Thai, Hindi, Swedish, Finnish and Hungarian! Just hit the associated flag icon on the main screen to select a language. Lightbot features 50 levels and 20 challenge stars to collect and is a must-have for puzzle enthusiasts. Simply guiding a robot to light up tiles and solve levels using commands, Lightbot cultivates a real understanding of procedures, loops, and conditionals.Įducators around the world are choosing to use Lightbot first when introducing their students to programming, coding and Computer Science. 4 Best Free Document Converter Software Programs How to Scan Documents With Your iPad How to Edit a Scanned Document on Your PC PPTX File (What It Is and. Open the official website and download the software. Here is the Download link for you Memu Play Website. Kids drag and drop basic commands - such as move, hop, light, and turn - into strings of instructions. Step 1: Download and Install MemuPlay on your PC. Parents need to know that Lightbot Jr is a simplified version of the popular Lightbot coding puzzle app and features the same cute, programmable robot. Lightbot is a programming puzzle game- a game whose game mechanics require using programming logic to solve levels. Now we will see how to Download Lightbot : Code Hour for PC Windows 10 or 8 or 7 laptop using MemuPlay. There are NO in-app purchases in Lightbot.Get kids hooked on coding within minutes! Lightbot can be played in the following languages: English, French, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese, Spanish, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Romanian, Norwegian, Slovenian, Indonesian, German, Polish, Danish, Croatian, Dutch, Slovak, Czech, Greek and Italian! Lightbot features 50 levels and 20 challenge stars to collect and is a must-have for puzzle enthusiasts of any age. “Lightbot offers an easy way for kids to learn concepts like loops, if-then statements, and the like, without typing or coding”- TechCrunch ()Įducators around the world are choosing to use Lightbot first when introducing their students to programming, coding and Computer Science. Simply guiding a robot to light up tiles and solve levels using commands, Lightbot cultivates a real understanding of procedures, loops, and conditionals for players. Lightbot is a programming puzzle game- a game whose game mechanics require using programming logic to solve levels. Get kids hooked on coding within minutes! ![]() Logo generators will be your perfect solution if: ![]() Moreover, such tools will save you precious time on getting familiarized with it since they are super user-friendly and simple in use. Just google some logo generators and you’ll find multiple services allowing you to craft your own unique logo in a matter of several minutes. But hopefully, today we are open to so many online tools so that you can successfully handle this task on your own. The logo is something to visually association your business with, and herewith it’s so crucial to treat the process of logo creation as seriously as you do when writing your business plan.Ĭreating a logo is a responsible and complex process, especially when it comes to a self-design. The latter today is more than just a small image or a so-called “face” of your brand – it represents both the company’s mission and vision. ![]() But any business starts with a … logo! Think about it: as soon as someone comes up with the business idea, they usually go straight to the title and logo. We’ve already shown you a list of the best free website builders which will allow you to create a website for your business absolutely for free. We’ve made an independent review of 10 best free logo creators, found out what are their advantages and disadvantages and also made a comparative table. This way you can create your youtube logo, or instagram logo or just a logo for a website. Then, add your DIY logo for the perfect, professional finish.How to make your own free logo? Use for this the best free logo makers – special online logo generators that will allow you to create cool logos for free without any hassle. Design labels, merchandise, and social media cards, using Canva's ready-made templates. Build a strong recall value for your brand when you add your logo to your digital, print, and web materials. Upload your PNG logo design onto your library and use it for future projects. Let Canva be your one-stop custom PNG maker! From editable templates and beginner-friendly tools to high-quality image downloads, you can design anything you need, all in one place. You don't need professional design skills or expensive software. Your versatile set of logo variations can be used for future projects, such as a merch expansion or a website makeover. Make multiple versions in transparent, dark, and light backgrounds, and let your PNG logos merge nicely across various backdrops of your branded content. Go for the timeless and versatile wordmark logo, or make clever use of typography with a striking monogram. ![]() With Canva Pro’s one-click Background Remover feature, you can make instant edits and create a transparent logo that seamlessly blends in anywhere you use it. Or apply vertical or horizontal lines to boost aesthetic appeal. Add deliberate curves and spirals to showcase your brand personality. Give a new shape to your logo and go beyond the usual circle or square. Drop shadows and transparent color overlays will still look good even after downloading, so you won’t lose out on all the finer details of your design! Whether scaling up your logo for large prints or using it as an icon on your social media pages, you’ll get rich colors and a smooth resolution every time. Each design element in our media library has been created with expert artistry.Ĭanva’s free PNG logo generator lets you save your image in high-quality PNG format. Start with a professionally-made template, then customize it to your heart’s content. Whether starting your own clothing line, launching a food business, or rebranding your beauty company, craft a stunning logo with Canva's logo PNG creator. ![]() Open an app on your Android device and start typing with your Mac’s keyboard. ![]() A small window will be displayed letting you know that your keyboard is now being directed to your Android phone or tablet.Typeeto will confirm the connection has been made and that you can now use your keyboard to control your Android device.Your Mac will now be listed as a Paired device.Make sure that the PIN code matches the one that’s being displayed on your Android device and then click the Connect button. Back over on your Mac, a Connection Request window will appear.A Bluetooth pairing request window will appear displaying a PIN code.Make sure that bluetooth is turned on and then select your Mac from the list of nearby devices. On your Android device, open the Settings and select Bluetooth from the list of options.Use Your Mac’s Keyboard to Control an Android phone or tablet At any point in the future you can quickly connect your Mac to your iOS device by clicking the Typeeto menu bar icon and selecting your iPhone/iPad from the list.Open an app on your iPhone/iPad and type using your Mac’s keyboard.A small window will appear on your Mac letting you know that you’re now connected to your iOS device.Typeeto will confirm you want to use your Mac’s keyboard on your iPhone/iPad – click the Start typing button.Your iPhone/iPad will now be connected to your Mac.Back over on your Mac, a confirmation window will appear.Make sure that the bluetooth toggle is switched to ON so that bluetooth is enabled, and then select your Mac from the list of available devices (it may take a few seconds to appear).Choose Bluetooth from the list of options.Switch over to your iPhone/iPad and select the Settings button.The Typeeto Preferences window will open automatically.On the last screen, you may wish to remove the checkmark from the box labelled Open at login until you’re sure you want it to start up each time your Mac does. If this is your first time opening it, you’ll be taken through a quick tour. First things first, open your System Preferences and select the Bluetooth icon.Use Your Mac’s Keyboard to Control an iPhone or iPad Now just follow the instructions for iOS (iPhones and iPads), Android phones and tablets or “ other” (Windows, gaming devices, media centers etc). dmg file and drag the app to your Applications folder to install it. ![]() Once the download has completed, open the. Let’s get started! Head over to the Typeeto home page and download the 7 day free trial. So if you do decide to buy Typeedo, save yourself a few dollars and buy it on the Mac App Store. According to a representative from the company, this is the intended behavior, even though both versions are identical (it makes no sense to me either). If you purchase Typeedo via the link available in the trial version, it costs $13.96. ![]() After 7 days it’ll cost $7.99 on the Mac App Store. Typeedo is available to use without any restrictions for 7 days before you’ll be required to purchase it, so if you’re not happy with it you can just delete it and carry on. As long as the device supports bluetooth, you’re good to go. Using a fantastic little app named Typeedo you can use your Mac’s keyboard to control other devices – like an iPhone or iPad, Android phone or tablet, an Apple TV, a Windows PC – even a gaming system. I don’t really know what else, if anything, I can try.This guide will take you step by step through the process of using your Mac’s keyboard to type on and/or control another device. I’ve tried rebooting but it was no help…. Of course, re-entering Typedo causes that blootooth window to disappear, it shows the connecting dialog, which is then followed by the same bluetooth prompt, then both windows vanishing once again. This window will remain open indefinitely (even if I turn bluetooth off all together), unless I try again to go back into the Typedoo dock icon. Unfortuantly this does nothing, as the prompt stays open with the buttons disabled and a spinning progress indicator. Moving back into the app a number of times will occasionally cause the bluetooth prompt window to stay open (sans the Typeedo connection window) and I can click connent. If I re-select the app in my dock (as it remains running after vanishing) the connection window comes back up, followed by the same bluetooth connection prompt, and again they both vanish. Problem is, that window as well as the Typeedo connection window both vanish almost immediately after the bluetooth prompt is displayed. WHen I run the app I get a bluetooth promt asking me if I want to connect… The app worked well for a while, now I can’t get it to work at all and I have no idea how to fix it. ![]() and I’m not just saying that, seriously friends- it is amazing and packed with the flavor we all know and love- ham and pineapple! This is one recipe that is sure to please everyone, even the kids. This salad is perfect for summer BBQs, picnics, potlucks or for a wonderful side dish! It tastes incredible. Serve.This Hawaiian Macaroni Salad is creamy and delicious! Filled with ingredients that create the ultimate best macaroni salad you’ve ever had! Cover and refrigerate until fully chilled, about 1 hour. Stir in scallions, carrot, and celery until combined. Stir the larger portion of dressing into pasta mixture until combined. Transfer pasta to large bowl, add vinegar, and toss until vinegar is absorbed. Drain pasta in colander and shake to remove excess water. Add 1 tablespoon salt and pasta and cook until very soft, about 15 minutes. Bring 4 quarts water to boil in large pot. Once cool, fold in the scallion, carrot, and celery. Once the macaroni has cooled for 10 minutes, toss with the mixed sauce and let cool to room temperature. Bring another pot of lightly salted water to a boil and add in the potatoes. In a large bowl, whisk together 1 cup of the mayonnaise, 1 ½ cups of the whole milk, the brown sugar, salt, and pepper. Drain and transfer to a boil and let it chill the fridge for the time being. Add in the maracroni and cook it past al dente. Reserve and refrigerate 1 cup dressing for finishing salad. Bring a pot of lightly salted water to a rolling boil. Whisk milk, mayonnaise, sugar, pepper, and 1/2 teaspoon salt together in bowl. Low-fat milk or mayonnaise will make the dressing too thin.ġ/2 teaspoon table salt, plus salt for cooking pastaġ. We then stirred in the remaining dressing and added grated carrot, chopped celery (for crunch), scallions, a bit of brown sugar, and some vigorous shakes of salt and black pepper. After the vinegar soaked in, we poured on about half the dressing, gave the mixture a stir, and let it cool. To prevent the cider vinegar from curdling the milk, we poured the vinegar directly over the hot macaroni. The dressing for our Hawaiian Macaroni Salad had to be thin enough to soak into the pasta, so we used an equal amount of mayonnaise and milk, and a lot of each. While overcooking the pasta seems like a bad idea, it actually enables the macaroni to absorb more dressing. Hawaiians cook the macaroni for their Hawaiian Macaroni Salad until it’s “fat," or very soft. But Hawaiians in particular prize macaroni salad it's an integral part of the ubiquitous Hawaiian-style meal called a plate lunch, which features an entree (often chicken katsu or beef teriyaki) along with a side of white rice and macaroni salad.Ĭook's Country has developed their own recipe for this simple Hawaiian classic, with their typical penchant for finding the best possible version of a beloved homestyle dish. Get more recipes and food news by signing up for our Deep Dish newsletter.Īmericans love mayo-based salads: egg salad, tuna salad, chicken salad, potato salad. Ingredients 1 pound elbow macaroni 1/4 cup apple cider vinegar 2 cups Best Foods Mayonnaise ONLY Do not use Kraft Mayonnaise or Miracle Whip. INGREDIENTS pound elbow macaroni 1 small carrot peeled and diced 1 celery stalk trimmed and diced 2 tablespoons finely diced red onion 1. It’s perfect for a plate lunch, a luau, or a barbecue. ![]() ![]() Cook's Country airs Saturdays at 12:00 pm. How to Make Hawaiian Macaroni Salad Make the dressing: Combine all dressing ingredients in a medium bowl and whisk together until smooth. This beloved recipe for Hawaiian Macaroni Salad, aka mac salad, has soft noodles, creamy dressing, and lots of shredded carrots. ![]() The tasks with and without counter movement were compared. In the present study, we investigated the muscle fibre behaviour of the gastrocnemius during a plantar flexion exercise in humans, by directly measuring changes in the fascicle length in vivo. The gastrocnemius muscle, one of the major plantar flexors in humans, has long tendons and aponeuroses that possess substantial compliance ( Alexander & Bennet-Clark, 1977 Soest et al. Komi, 1992) therefore, it has not been possible to separately observe the behaviour of contractile and elastic components, and the interactions between muscle fibres and tendinous tissues in counter movement have not been observed. In humans, however, muscle-tendon unit length has only been estimated from ‘external’ joint kinematics (e.g. 1997) in vivo has revealed significant elastic recoil of tendinous structures that contributes to joint performance. 1989) and running turkeys ( Roberts et al. In fact, direct observation of fascicle length change in walking cats ( Hoffer et al. In the latter case, tendinous tissues have been thought to act as a spring ( Alexander & Bennet-Clark, 1977 Morgan et al. Mechanisms for the enhancement of performance of the final action have been proposed, including the potentiation of force exerted by prestretched muscle fibres and the additional power provided by the elastic potential of the muscle-tendon unit ( Huijing, 1992 Komi, 1992). Enhanced performance of human movement accompanied by a preceding counter action has also been widely reported ( Thys et al. Such a counter-movement action is frequently used in animal locomotion for efficient power production ( Alexander & Bennet-Clark, 1977 Morgan et al. Shortening of muscle preceded by active lengthening has been shown to be more powerful than that resulting from shortening alone ( Cavagna et al. This makes it difficult to estimate muscle fibre behaviour solely from observation of joint performance ( Fukunaga et al. 1978), the force generated by a muscle-tendon unit is not a simple function of its length and velocity as a whole. Therefore, although the force-producing capability of a muscle fibre itself is a function of its length and velocity of shortening or lengthening ( Katz, 1939 Hill, 1951 Close, 1972 Edman et al. Previous studies revealed muscle deformation upon contraction: muscle fibres shorten even during fixed-end isometric contractions while tendinous tissues are elongated to take up muscle fibre shortening ( Griffiths, 1991 Fukunaga et al. 1991 Kawakami & Lieber, 2000) and are hence a major constituent of the series elastic component (SEC) of a muscle model initially proposed by Hill (1951). The tendinous tissues-sheet-like structures such as aponeuroses in particular-possess elastic characteristics ( Alexander & Bennet-Clark, 1977 Proske & Morgan, 1987 Lieber et al. The force exerted by skeletal muscle fibres is transmitted to the tendinous tissues (tendon and aponeurosis) before producing torque around a joint. It was concluded that during CM muscle fibres optimally work almost isometrically, by leaving the task of storing and releasing elastic energy for enhancing exercise performance to the tendon. In NoCM, fascicle length decreased throughout the movement and the fascicle length at the onset of movement was longer than that of the corresponding phase in CM. In CM, in the dorsiflexion phase, fascicle length initially increased with little electromyographic activity, then remained constant while the whole muscle-tendon unit lengthened, before decreasing in the final plantar flexion phase. The estimated peak force, average power, and work at the Achilles’ tendon during the plantar flexion phase in CM were significantly greater than those in NoCM. ![]() From real-time ultrasonography of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during the movement, the fascicle length was determined. ![]() The reaction force at the foot and ankle joint angle were measured using a force plate and a goniometer, respectively. ![]() Six men performed a single ankle plantar flexion exercise in the supine position with the maximal effort with counter movement (CM, plantar flexion preceded by dorsiflexion) and without counter movement (NoCM, plantar flexion only) produced by a sliding table that controlled applied load to the ankle (40 % of the maximal voluntary force). |